Genetic Engineering is the process of manipulating genes in an organism to change the phenotype. Research and post about an organism that has been subject to genetic engineering. Please site your source.
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ENLARGED, HYPEROXIC DRAGONFLIES
A recent Arizona State University study, presented at the Geological Society of America's 2010 conference, found that dragonflies reared in a hyperoxic environment (one with a higher-than-average concentration of oxygen) grew significantly larger. Much to our disappointment, we're not talking about eagle-sized dragonflies here, but a growth of around 15% is still a pretty interesting discovery. The study was constructed to provide more insight into the effects a hyperoxic environment--like the kind our planet enjoyed in the late Paleozoic--might have had on animal gigantism. It is true, after all, that most of the most badass megafauna, including the Terror Bird and elephant-sized Giant Ground Sloth, are no longer around to scare the crap out of us, and this study indicates that part of the reason may be the decreased amount of oxygen in the air. The growth does seem to vary by species, however, since cockroaches exhibited no notable growth in the hyperoxic environment. Still, the fact remains that a simple change in oxygen levels produced naturally giant dragonflies--too bad we can't release them into the wild to take care of those deadly mosquitoes.
Scientists created glow-in-the-dark mice by injecting single-celled mouse embryos with a virus that contained a jellyfish gene. Business Insider "10 times scientists genetically modified animals and came up with some weird results"
In 1996, British scientists created the first cloned sheep, named Dolly, by transferring the nucleus from an adult cell into an unfertilized premature egg whose nucleus had been removed, a process called nuclear transfer. Sadly, Dolly died of a lung disease at the age of six.
Scientists created glow-in-the-dark mice by injecting single-celled mouse embryos with a virus that contained a jellyfish gene. Business Insider "10 times scientists genetically modified animals and came up with some weird results"
GFP bunny In 2000, an artist named Eduardo Kac created a glow-in-the-dark bunny, known as the "GFP bunny," an albino rabbit that fluoresced under blue light.
Scientists created glow-in-the-dark mice by injecting single-celled mouse embryos with a virus that contained a jellyfish gene. Business Insider "10 times scientists genetically modified animals and came up with some weird results"
And soon, we could be eating genetically modified animals. The AquAdvantage(R) Salmon, created by a company called AquaBounty Technologies, contains a gene from the Chinook salmon that makes it grow much faster. The salmon is currently under review by the FDA.
Response: Agricultural plants are one of the most frequently cited examples of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Some benefits of genetic engineering in agriculture are increased crop yields, reduced costs for food or drug production, reduced need for pesticides, enhanced nutrient composition and food quality, resistance to pests and disease, greater food security, and medical benefits to the world's growing population.
In the last few years, researchers have found ways to edit genes much more easily and accurately. Earlier this year, South Korean scientists used a gene editing technology called a TALEN to tweak the genes in pigs to make them produce more muscle, Nature News reported.
Glowing, transgenic lab animals seems to be a fad these days. A quick list of the veritable animal kingdom that has been implanted with glowing jellyfish DNA includes pigs, mice, rhesus monkeys, voles, naked mole rats, and marmosets. But Ruppy the Glowing Puppy, a cloned beagle that glows red under UV light, has gotten the lion's share of attention, largely because he's adorable. Scientists are experimenting with transgenics to see how genes are passed down from parent to child. The jellyfish DNA that makes these puppies glow was chosen (supposedly) not for its cool futuristic Tron aesthetic but because it's incredibly easy to see if the splicing worked. All the scientists have to do is shine a quick UV light on the animal and bam, they get a quick yes or no. So far, it hasn't worked all that well, but transgenics researchers are confident that this line of work will eventually help them learn more about how diseases are passed to a new generation.
In 2002, scientists at Caltech created glow-in-the-dark mice by injecting single-celled mouse embryos with a virus that contained a jellyfish gene for green fluorescence. (http://www.businessinsider.com/genetically-modified-animal-experiments-2015-10/#glow-in-the-dark-mice-2)
Scientists at Utah State University genetically modified goats to spin spider webs. According to BBC News, the goats have some spider genes so they can produce spider silk. The goat milk contains an extra protein, which is extracted and spun into a web.
It’s a common joke that “cow farts” are a major cause of greenhouse gases, but it’s a joke that would be a lot funnier if it wasn’t, well, pretty much accurate. The worst offenders in the release of methane are energy companies, drilling for coal and oil and natural gas, but agriculture isn’t far behind. Within the agricultural sector, livestock comes second only to rice farming as the creator of the most methane gas. Dairy cows alone produce about 200 liters of methane every day.
This is natural, sort of. Cows, like plenty of other animals, rely on a diet that’s relatively high in volume and low in nutrition. Grasses, their main dietary item, are mostly fiber, which means they’re tough to break down. Cows manage to do this by having multiple stomachs, each one taking a turn at bashing the mass of greens down to absorbable nutrients, and those stomachs contain many varieties of friendly microorganisms.
“ Cows burp, like, constantly. It’s what they do.
The microorganisms eat the fiber and other indigestible parts of the grasses and produce methane as a byproduct, in the same general way that yeasts eat sugar and produce alcohol. Unlike alcohol, though, methane is of basically no use to anyone; the cow can’t do anything with it, so it releases it, usually as a burp. Cows burp, like, constantly. It’s what they do.
From our partners at VICE Previous attempts to interrupt this process have not been all that successful. Says the agricultural department at Penn State in a post from 2008: “The problems with some of these mitigation strategies to reduce CH4 are potential toxicity to the rumen microbes and the animal, short-lived effects due to microbial adaptation, volatility, expense, and a delivery system of these additives to cows on pasture.”
But a new team, also coincidentally from Penn State, have a new system that might succeed where others have failed. The team added a supplement, a methane inhibitor called 3-nitrooxypropanol, or 3NOP, to their cows’ food. This particular supplement doesn’t try to stop the microorganisms from doing their work, or try to suppress the cow’s need to burp. Instead, it stops the very last step in the microorganism’s eating process, stopping them from producing methane.
The team found that not only did use of this supplement reduce methane emissions by 30 percent, it also caused the cows to gain weight, to the tune of 80 percent more than the control group. That’s not unexpected; the whole methane release process sucks energy from the cows, and without it, they’re free to plump up. The researchers also note that the supplement did not seem to put the cows in any discomfort or pain.
This is a long way from getting approval for wide use, but it’s a really promising step forward for reducing the amount of gas our beloved cows produce. all credit goes to https://modernfarmer.com/2015/08/supplement-reduce-cow-produced-methane/
Ruppy the Glowing Puppy, a cloned beagle that glows red under UV light, has gotten the high amounts of attention, largely because he's adorable. Scientists are experimenting with transgenics to see how genes are passed down from parent to child. The jellyfish DNA that makes these puppies glow was chosen (supposedly) not for its cool futuristic Tron aesthetic but because it's incredibly easy to see if the splicing worked. All the scientists have to do is shine a quick UV light on the animal and bam, they get a quick yes or no. So far, it hasn't worked all that well, but transgenics researchers are confident that this line of work will eventually help them learn more about how diseases are passed to a new generation.
A team of genetic scientists led by Dr Shu-Jin Luo from Peking University in Beijing, using whole-genome sequences of white and normally-colored Bengal tigers, has revealed that a mutation in a single pigment gene, called SLC45A2, is responsible for the unusual coloration of white tigers.The white tiger, an elusive Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) variant with white fur and dark stripes, has fascinated humans for centuries ever since its discovery in the jungles of India. Many white tigers in captivity are inbred in order to maintain this autosomal recessive trait and consequently suffer some health problems, leading to the controversial speculation that the white tiger mutation is perhaps a genetic defect,” the researchers explained in a paper published online in the journal Current Biology.
“However, the genetic basis of this phenotype remains unknown.”
In the new study, the scientists mapped the genomes of a family of 16 captive tigers, including both white and orange individuals. They then sequenced the whole genomes of each of the three parents in the family.
The genetic analysis led them to a pigment gene, called SLC45A2, which had already been associated with light coloration in some animals, including horses, chickens, and fish.
The gene variant found in the white tiger primarily inhibits the synthesis of red and yellow pigments but has little to no effect on black, which explains why white tigers still show characteristic dark stripes.
“The white tiger represents part of the natural genetic diversity of the tiger that is worth conserving, but is now seen only in captivity,” Dr Luo said.
The team advocates a proper captive management program to maintain a healthy Bengal tiger population including both white and orange tigers. “It might even be worth considering the reintroduction of white tigers into their wild habitat.”
Dr Luo said: “historical records of white tigers on the Indian subcontinent date back to the 1500s, but the last known free-ranging white tiger was shot in 1958. That many white tigers were hunted as mature adults suggests that they were fit to live in the wild. It’s worth considering that tigers’ chief prey species, such as deer, are likely colorblind.”
With the causal gene identified, the team hopes to explore the evolutionary forces that have maintained tigers in both orange and white varieties.
The most commonly genetically modified food is the tomato. This fruit has been altered to show a genotype of firmness and color. This did not account for flavor only the visual appeal of the fruit. This is why some people feel mass produced tomatoes have less flavor than types that were not genetically modified.
In 2002 Caltech made glow in the dark mice by injecting single celled mouse embryos with a virus that contains a green jelly fish gene that makes green fluorescence.
A spider goat is much like a regular goat except its milk is silky like a spiderweb. https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2010-11/ten-ways-scientists-are-customizing-animals#page-4
Corn: Corn is the No. 1 crop grown in the U.S. and nearly all of it — 88 percent — is genetically modified. In addition to being added to innumerable processed foods, genetically modified corn is a staple of animal feed.
there are many unknowns as to it GMO's have a negative effect on humans after consumption. We should learn more about the outcomes of eating GM food before we put them into our everyday lives. http://www.organicauthority.com/foodie-buzz/eight-reasons-gmos-are-bad-for-you.html
28 comments:
ENLARGED, HYPEROXIC DRAGONFLIES
A recent Arizona State University study, presented at the Geological Society of America's 2010 conference, found that dragonflies reared in a hyperoxic environment (one with a higher-than-average concentration of oxygen) grew significantly larger. Much to our disappointment, we're not talking about eagle-sized dragonflies here, but a growth of around 15% is still a pretty interesting discovery. The study was constructed to provide more insight into the effects a hyperoxic environment--like the kind our planet enjoyed in the late Paleozoic--might have had on animal gigantism. It is true, after all, that most of the most badass megafauna, including the Terror Bird and elephant-sized Giant Ground Sloth, are no longer around to scare the crap out of us, and this study indicates that part of the reason may be the decreased amount of oxygen in the air. The growth does seem to vary by species, however, since cockroaches exhibited no notable growth in the hyperoxic environment. Still, the fact remains that a simple change in oxygen levels produced naturally giant dragonflies--too bad we can't release them into the wild to take care of those deadly mosquitoes.
https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2010-11/ten-ways-scientists-are-customizing-animals#page-5
Scientists created glow-in-the-dark mice by injecting single-celled mouse embryos with a virus that contained a jellyfish gene.
Business Insider "10 times scientists genetically modified animals and came up with some weird results"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1524970/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1524970/
In 1996, British scientists created the first cloned sheep, named Dolly, by transferring the nucleus from an adult cell into an unfertilized premature egg whose nucleus had been removed, a process called nuclear transfer. Sadly, Dolly died of a lung disease at the age of six.
http://www.businessinsider.com/genetically-modified-animal-experiments-2015-10/#dolly-the-sheep-1
Scientists created glow-in-the-dark mice by injecting single-celled mouse embryos with a virus that contained a jellyfish gene.
Business Insider "10 times scientists genetically modified animals and came up with some weird results"
GFP bunny In 2000, an artist named Eduardo Kac created a glow-in-the-dark bunny, known as the "GFP bunny," an albino rabbit that fluoresced under blue light.
Scientists created glow-in-the-dark mice by injecting single-celled mouse embryos with a virus that contained a jellyfish gene.
Business Insider "10 times scientists genetically modified animals and came up with some weird results"
And soon, we could be eating genetically modified animals. The AquAdvantage(R) Salmon, created by a company called AquaBounty Technologies, contains a gene from the Chinook salmon that makes it grow much faster. The salmon is currently under review by the FDA.
http://www.businessinsider.com/genetically-modified-animal-experiments-2015-10/#gmo-salmon-6
Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) produced in transgenic tobacco induces immune response when injected into mice.
www.nature.com
Response: Agricultural plants are one of the most frequently cited examples of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Some benefits of genetic engineering in agriculture are increased crop yields, reduced costs for food or drug production, reduced need for pesticides, enhanced nutrient composition and food quality, resistance to pests and disease, greater food security, and medical benefits to the world's growing population.
Cite: https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetically-modified-organisms-gmos-transgenic-crops-and-732
In the last few years, researchers have found ways to edit genes much more easily and accurately. Earlier this year, South Korean scientists used a gene editing technology called a TALEN to tweak the genes in pigs to make them produce more muscle, Nature News reported.
http://www.businessinsider.com/genetically-modified-animal-experiments-2015-10/#super-muscly-pigs-7
Glowing, transgenic lab animals seems to be a fad these days. A quick list of the veritable animal kingdom that has been implanted with glowing jellyfish DNA includes pigs, mice, rhesus monkeys, voles, naked mole rats, and marmosets. But Ruppy the Glowing Puppy, a cloned beagle that glows red under UV light, has gotten the lion's share of attention, largely because he's adorable. Scientists are experimenting with transgenics to see how genes are passed down from parent to child. The jellyfish DNA that makes these puppies glow was chosen (supposedly) not for its cool futuristic Tron aesthetic but because it's incredibly easy to see if the splicing worked. All the scientists have to do is shine a quick UV light on the animal and bam, they get a quick yes or no. So far, it hasn't worked all that well, but transgenics researchers are confident that this line of work will eventually help them learn more about how diseases are passed to a new generation.
https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2010-11/ten-ways-scientists-are-customizing-animals#page-3
In 2002, scientists at Caltech created glow-in-the-dark mice by injecting single-celled mouse embryos with a virus that contained a jellyfish gene for green fluorescence. (http://www.businessinsider.com/genetically-modified-animal-experiments-2015-10/#glow-in-the-dark-mice-2)
Scientists at Utah State University genetically modified goats to spin spider webs. According to BBC News, the goats have some spider genes so they can produce spider silk. The goat milk contains an extra protein, which is extracted and spun into a web.
It’s a common joke that “cow farts” are a major cause of greenhouse gases, but it’s a joke that would be a lot funnier if it wasn’t, well, pretty much accurate. The worst offenders in the release of methane are energy companies, drilling for coal and oil and natural gas, but agriculture isn’t far behind. Within the agricultural sector, livestock comes second only to rice farming as the creator of the most methane gas. Dairy cows alone produce about 200 liters of methane every day.
This is natural, sort of. Cows, like plenty of other animals, rely on a diet that’s relatively high in volume and low in nutrition. Grasses, their main dietary item, are mostly fiber, which means they’re tough to break down. Cows manage to do this by having multiple stomachs, each one taking a turn at bashing the mass of greens down to absorbable nutrients, and those stomachs contain many varieties of friendly microorganisms.
“
Cows burp, like, constantly. It’s what they do.
The microorganisms eat the fiber and other indigestible parts of the grasses and produce methane as a byproduct, in the same general way that yeasts eat sugar and produce alcohol. Unlike alcohol, though, methane is of basically no use to anyone; the cow can’t do anything with it, so it releases it, usually as a burp. Cows burp, like, constantly. It’s what they do.
From our partners at VICE
Previous attempts to interrupt this process have not been all that successful. Says the agricultural department at Penn State in a post from 2008: “The problems with some of these mitigation strategies to reduce CH4 are potential toxicity to the rumen microbes and the animal, short-lived effects due to microbial adaptation, volatility, expense, and a delivery system of these additives to cows on pasture.”
But a new team, also coincidentally from Penn State, have a new system that might succeed where others have failed. The team added a supplement, a methane inhibitor called 3-nitrooxypropanol, or 3NOP, to their cows’ food. This particular supplement doesn’t try to stop the microorganisms from doing their work, or try to suppress the cow’s need to burp. Instead, it stops the very last step in the microorganism’s eating process, stopping them from producing methane.
The team found that not only did use of this supplement reduce methane emissions by 30 percent, it also caused the cows to gain weight, to the tune of 80 percent more than the control group. That’s not unexpected; the whole methane release process sucks energy from the cows, and without it, they’re free to plump up. The researchers also note that the supplement did not seem to put the cows in any discomfort or pain.
This is a long way from getting approval for wide use, but it’s a really promising step forward for reducing the amount of gas our beloved cows produce. all credit goes to https://modernfarmer.com/2015/08/supplement-reduce-cow-produced-methane/
Ruppy the Glowing Puppy, a cloned beagle that glows red under UV light, has gotten the high amounts of attention, largely because he's adorable. Scientists are experimenting with transgenics to see how genes are passed down from parent to child. The jellyfish DNA that makes these puppies glow was chosen (supposedly) not for its cool futuristic Tron aesthetic but because it's incredibly easy to see if the splicing worked. All the scientists have to do is shine a quick UV light on the animal and bam, they get a quick yes or no. So far, it hasn't worked all that well, but transgenics researchers are confident that this line of work will eventually help them learn more about how diseases are passed to a new generation.
A team of genetic scientists led by Dr Shu-Jin Luo from Peking University in Beijing, using whole-genome sequences of white and normally-colored Bengal tigers, has revealed that a mutation in a single pigment gene, called SLC45A2, is responsible for the unusual coloration of white tigers.The white tiger, an elusive Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) variant with white fur and dark stripes, has fascinated humans for centuries ever since its discovery in the jungles of India. Many white tigers in captivity are inbred in order to maintain this autosomal recessive trait and consequently suffer some health problems, leading to the controversial speculation that the white tiger mutation is perhaps a genetic defect,” the researchers explained in a paper published online in the journal Current Biology.
“However, the genetic basis of this phenotype remains unknown.”
In the new study, the scientists mapped the genomes of a family of 16 captive tigers, including both white and orange individuals. They then sequenced the whole genomes of each of the three parents in the family.
The genetic analysis led them to a pigment gene, called SLC45A2, which had already been associated with light coloration in some animals, including horses, chickens, and fish.
The gene variant found in the white tiger primarily inhibits the synthesis of red and yellow pigments but has little to no effect on black, which explains why white tigers still show characteristic dark stripes.
“The white tiger represents part of the natural genetic diversity of the tiger that is worth conserving, but is now seen only in captivity,” Dr Luo said.
The team advocates a proper captive management program to maintain a healthy Bengal tiger population including both white and orange tigers. “It might even be worth considering the reintroduction of white tigers into their wild habitat.”
Dr Luo said: “historical records of white tigers on the Indian subcontinent date back to the 1500s, but the last known free-ranging white tiger was shot in 1958. That many white tigers were hunted as mature adults suggests that they were fit to live in the wild. It’s worth considering that tigers’ chief prey species, such as deer, are likely colorblind.”
With the causal gene identified, the team hopes to explore the evolutionary forces that have maintained tigers in both orange and white varieties.
The most commonly genetically modified food is the tomato. This fruit has been altered to show a genotype of firmness and color. This did not account for flavor only the visual appeal of the fruit. This is why some people feel mass produced tomatoes have less flavor than types that were not genetically modified.
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/margie-kelly/genetically-modified-food_b_2039455.html
Genetic engineers created glowing mice by using parts of jellyfish and made the mice grow.
https://www.boredpanda.com/strange-hybrid-animals-that-are-hard-to-believe-actually-exist/
look it up on google
Genetic engineers created glowing mice by using parts of jellyfish and made the mice grow.
In 2002 Caltech made glow in the dark mice by injecting single celled mouse embryos with a virus that contains a green jelly fish gene that makes green fluorescence.
http://www.businessinsider.com/genetically-modified-animal-experiments-2015-10/#dolly-the-sheep-1
A spider goat is much like a regular goat except its milk is silky like a spiderweb.
https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2010-11/ten-ways-scientists-are-customizing-animals#page-4
Corn: Corn is the No. 1 crop grown in the U.S. and nearly all of it — 88 percent — is genetically modified. In addition to being added to innumerable processed foods, genetically modified corn is a staple of animal feed.
Corn is genetically modified. http://time.com/3840073/gmo-food-charts/
there are many unknowns as to it GMO's have a negative effect on humans after consumption. We should learn more about the outcomes of eating GM food before we put them into our everyday lives.
http://www.organicauthority.com/foodie-buzz/eight-reasons-gmos-are-bad-for-you.html
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